Blood type、

　　O型血者的血清中含有天然抗A和抗B抗体。当O型血血输入A型？B型或AB型血的人体内时、O型血中的抗A和抗B抗体就会和以上三种血型的人的红细胞结合（因这些人血液中的红细⁹³⁶⁶胞膜上含有相应的A抗原或B抗原）!使红细胞遭到破坏而造成溶血性输血反应， 　　①：ABO血型抗体有“天然抗体”与“免疫性抗体体”之分！所谓“天然8744抗体”是指没有可察觉的免疫刺激,而“天然”存在于人体内血清中。这些刺激源。如细菌！广泛分布于自然环境。它可以存在于灰尘，食物及各种物体，所以在通常情况下不会被人人察觉，由于很多细菌有类似于人类HAB②抗原的抗原性。因此对人体是一种强有力且持续不断可免疫的刺激！在这种外来刺激情况下！人体将产生对这些异己的HAB抗原的同种抗体，而“免疫性抗体”则是指经A或B抗原特异性免疫刺激产生的抗A或抗B抗体。这种抗体来自母胎ABO血型不合的妊娠、输入了ABO血型不合的红细胞或注射了纯化的血型物质及含有血型活性物质的病毒或细菌产物等！“天然抗体”多趋向于IgM③。而“免疫性抗体”则常是IgG、 　　②：O型血的人红血球表面不存在A型和B型抗原。但是具有H血型型物质(或H抗原)！是A和B两种抗原的前体！在他们的血清中同同时存在着抗A和抗B两种抗体， 　　③：IgA、IgD！IgE、IgG。IgM是人体所必须须的五大类免疫球蛋白？可对抗各种细菌！病毒，中6237和毒性物质？调节节过敏反应。它们各有不同的氨基酸结构个功用。 　　IgA存在于血清。唾液，眼泪和粘液中。对抗各种入侵的有害物质！ 　　IgD。IgE是对抗病菌的抗体、 　　IgM是对抗细菌的抗体， 　　IgG含量最多。可中和毒⁶⁶⁰²性物质和入侵的病原体, 　　④：所谓效价是指血清稀释后仍能与原来浓度的抗原产生阳性反应的倍数，如1：10即指血清稀释十倍后仍有阳性反应，倍数若愈大！效价就愈高。、选楼层最忌讳几楼

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　　October 31 　　On October 31st, dozens of children dressed in costumes（节日服装）knock on their neighbors' doors and yell "Trick or Treat" when the door opens. Pirates and princesses, ghosts and popular heroes of the day all hold bags open to catch the candy or other goodies that the neighbors drop in. As they give each child a treat the neighbors exclaim over the costumes and try to guess who is under the masks. 　　Since the 800's November 1st is a religious holiday known as All Saints' Day（万圣节）. The Mass that was said on this day was called Allhallowmas. The evening before became known as All Hakkiw e'en, or Halloween. Like some other American celebrations, its origins lie in both pre-Christian and Christian customs. 　　October 31 st was the eve of the Celtic（凯尔特人的）new year. The Celts were the ancestors of the present-day Irish, Welsh and Scottish people. On this day ghosts walked and mingled with the living, or so the Celts thought. The townspeople baked food all that day and when night fell they dressed up and tried to resemble the souls of the dead. Hoping that the ghosts would leave peacefully before midnight of the new year. 　　Much later, when Christianity spread throughout Ireland and October 31 was no longer the last day of the year, Halloween became a celebration mostly for children. "Ghosts" went from door to door asking for treats, or else a trick would be played on the owners of the house. When millions of Irish people immigrated to the United States in the 1840s the tradition came with them. 　　Today' school dances and neighborhood parties called "block parties" are popular among young and old alike. More and more adults celebrate Halloween. They dress up like historical or political figures and go to masquerade parties（化妆舞会）. In larger cities, costumed children and their parents gather at shopping malls early in the evening. Stores and businesses give parties with games and treats for the children.Teenagers enjoy costume dances at their schools and the more outrageous the costume the better! 　　Certain pranks（恶作剧）such as soaping car windows and tipping over garbage cans are expected. But partying and pranks are not the only things that Halloweeners enjoy doing. Some collect money to buy food and medicine for needy children around the world. 　　Symbols of Halloween 　　Halloween originated as a celebration connected with evil spirits. Witches flying on broomsticks with black cats, ghosts, goblins（小精灵）and skeletons have all evolved as symbols of Halloween. They are popular trick-or-treat costumes and decorations for greeting cards and windows. Black is one of the traditional Halloween colors, probably because Halloween festivals and traditions took place at night. In the weeks before October 31, Americans decorate windows of houses and schools with silhouettes（轮廓）of witches and black cats. 　　Pumpkins are also a symbol of Halloween. The pumpkin is an orange-colored squash, and orange has become the other traditional Halloween color. Carving pumpkins into jack- o'lanterns is a Halloween custom also dating back to Ireland. A legend grew up about a man named Jack who was so stingy（吝啬的）that he was not allowed into heaven when he died, because he was a miser（吝啬鬼）. He couldn't enter hell either because he had played jokes on the devil. As a result, Jack had to walk the earth with his lantern until Judgement Day（审判日）. The Irish people carved scary faces out of turnips（芜菁根）, beets（甜菜根）or potatoes representing "Jack of the Lantern," or Jack-o'lantern. When the Irish brought their customs to the United States, they carved faces on pumpkins because in the autumn they were more plentiful than turnips. Today jack-o'-lanterns in the windows of a house on Halloween night let costumed children know that there are goodies（糖果）waiting if they knock and say "Trick or Treat!" 　　Halloween Treats 　　Dried Pumpkin Seeds 　　After carving your pumpkin, separate the pulp from the seeds. Rinse（冲洗）the seeds and spread them out to dry. The next day, add enough melted butter or margarine（人造黄油）to coat each seed. Spread the seeds onto a cookie sheet（甜酥饼干）and bake for 20 minutes in a 300 degree oven for 20 minutes or until they are slightly brown. 　　Caramel Apples 　　Take the paper wrapping off about 100 caramels（饴糖）and put them in a saucepan（炖锅）. Put the saucepan over a pan of boiling water. Boil the water until the caramels melt. Put a wooden stick into the top of each apple, dip the apple into the caramel. Let them cool on wax paper and enjoy! 　　Scary Stories 　　No Halloween party is complete without at least one scary story. Usually one person talks in a low 　　voice while everyone else crowds together on the floor or around a fire. The following is a retelling of a tale told in Britain and in North Carolina and Virginia. 　　"What Do You Come For?" 　　There was an old woman who lived all by herself, and she was very lonely. Sitting in the kitchen one night, she said, "Oh, I wish I had some company." 　　No sooner had she spoken than down the chimney tumbled two feet from which the flesh had rotted. The old woman's eyes bulged with terror. 　　Then two legs dropped to the hearth and attached themselves to the feet. 　　Then a body tumbled down, then two arms, and a man's head. 　　As the old woman watched, the parts came together into a great, tall man. The man danced around and around the room. Faster and faster he went. Then he stopped, and he looked into her eyes. 　　"What do you come for? she asked in a small voice that shivered and shook. 　　"What do I come for?" he said. "I come for YOU!" 　　The narrator shouts and jumps at the person near him!,化解戾气的佛经

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　　您好、 　　首先，要明确没有什么血型的夫妻凑在一起时不可以生孩子的、 　　唯一需要注意的是如果女方为O型、或者Rh血型为阴性。而男方血型与之不一样！那么有6642发生新生儿（胎儿）溶血症可能，但这也是看几率的。如果孩子随了母亲的血型则完全没有危险了。可以以通过母体血型IgG抗体效价检测试验来预测一下几率, 　　另外！如果真的有需要！目前的医学干预手段、县级级以上医院完全可以在不影响母婴健康的前提下!给^予予最好的帮助,！33377慈善网必中生肖

　　说起血型和输血、人类走过了一段曲折的道路，一开始人类以为红色的血液都都是一样的，甚至认为人的血和动物的血可通用。许多士兵打仗因流1760血过多而死亡！就用绵羊的血输给伤员、结局可想而之、后来只能输入人血！但发现有些伤员因输入血被挽救了生命、有些伤员却出现了输血7678反应而加速了死亡！ 　　血型是由奥地利的医生兼化学家兰斯坦纳（Karl Landsteiner、1868~1943^））首先发现的。他在一九O九年提出ABO系统，并于一九三O年获得诺贝尔奖、在维也纳工作的期间。他发现若将不同种类的血液注射到动物体内。则红血球很快就被分解掉，后来又发现一个人血液若加入另一个人的血清、则红红血球很快就凝集起来、这些现象使得得他有了将血型分门别类的想法！但是直到一九一四至一九一八年第一次世界大战发生的期间。许多临床医生在治疗伤患时才了解兰斯斯坦纳研究的重要性， 兰斯坦纳的第二个主要贡献则一直到他过世之后才发展完全。那就是有关血型如何应用在鉴别父母方面。尤其是MN系统应用最多。这是他和美国的血清学家李维（Philip Levine。1900~）共同发现的，例如婴儿若是MN而母亲是M、则父亲决不可能也是M、同样地。如果婴儿是是MN而母亲是N？则父亲也不可能是N，现在法庭对于血0894缘关系的鉴定大多采用这种方法？ 　　ABO血型型中有A型!B型！O型和AB型。是1752人类最常见的!也是最^早早被发现的！ 既发现ABO血型之后，从1927年开始！⁸¹⁴⁹人们又陆续发现了MN血型！Q血型、E血型、T血型、Rh血型等数十种血型系统！不仅如此。人们还发现。除了人类以外，连猴子、猩猩、大象、狗等高等动物也存在血型、甚至乌龟。青蛙身上也可以找到血型得痕迹、 血型的研究。从某种种意义上讲,它不仅与医学。生化学有关、而且和1087人们的思维，性格、气质！行为，甚至1764和人类社会的政治!经济，文化等社会活动，都有着密切的联系！因此，对血型的研究。已成为社会科学的一个组成部分！ 在国外！特别是日本！一些人类学家已经把血型的研究作为一项新兴学科来进行探索！日本著名的人类学专家能见正比古、以及他的儿子能²⁸¹⁰见俊秀！还有铃木芳正、铃木健二！古烟种基、他们以血型为研究主导、从人的性格、气质！恋爱！婚姻、子女关系、人际关系！心理条件等各个个方面进行研究!获得了许多成果！ 我国在血型研究上、基本还没有形形成体系！只是从一部分翻译过来的资资料中,大概地了解到国外的血型研究动向、 由于我国的民族历史、民族文化！民族传统。伦理道德！社会制度、生活环⁹²⁰⁹境等等。与国外有很大的差异！所以、对国外的一些血型研究成果不能机械地照搬，只能作为一种参考！ 虽然说血型研^究究成果不像一加一等于二那样放之四海皆准、但终归有它的科科学性和现实性!也是是我们在处理人际关系。调节个人心理、发挥自己专长和避免走弯路上、应该掌握的的一们课程、 血型的研究成果,正引起千千万万人的强烈关注：血型知识正帮助人们坦率地进行自我分析和互相评价。 一种新型知识的9572普及决不会是一帆风顺。现代社会中也有不少人顽固地拒绝新生事物，而那些思想活跃，天8511真纯朴的人则为新生事物而惊喜，而激动、特别是在人生观和世界观的知识更新中、这种^现现象更为常见，从某某种意义上讲，这同伽利略。哥白尼！达尔文的时代并没有更大差别！ 9735随着科学的突飞猛进、各种信息日新月异，我们要为自己的内心世界打开一个窗口。让它去面对生活、面对知识！面对新新生事物。这对于一个健康的身体和健康的头脑是大有好处的。 　　1682年哈维发现血液循环以后、人类就5586开始进行输血的尝试, 　　1667年、法国哲学家丹尼斯和外科医生埃默雷兹异想天开、将250毫升羊羔的血输给了一个病人，这是人类历史上有文字记载的第第一次输血！结果当然没有成功，后来又有人重复复他们的实验！但都没有成功，出现了了病人死亡的悲剧!所以输血的尝试慢慢停顿了下来、 　　一个世纪后、输血试验又被^人人们尝试,1829年、布伦德尔第一次完成了人与人之间的输血试验，但以后的试验结果果还是令人失户、²²⁸⁸大多数病人死亡，只有^少少数病人得到康复,到底是什么原因在作作怪呢！ 　　1900年！奥地利医学家兰德斯坦纳研究了这一问题！他发现自体的红细胞和血清在试内混合后。不会发生凝集、但从不同个体采集来的红细胞和血清在混合以后、在试管中就发生凝集集与不凝集两种情况,这咱现象虽然很多人都观察到过、但只有兰德斯坦纳做出了解释！红细胞上有两种特异的结构，它们单独存在，也呆同时存在。在血清中有这种特异性结构构的抗体－凝集素!如果它它与红细胞上的特异结构相遇！就会产生凝集反应、给人输血时如果遇到这种情况、就会发生危险。于是、兰4315德斯坦纳就成了血型的发现者？接着，他又推断出：人的血型是可以遗传的。他的理论为输血奠定了基础， 　　第一次世界大战中！德国医学家奥登堡根据兰德斯斯坦纳的研究成果。第一次将凝集反应应用于输血前的配血试验。只有红细胞和血清混合后不凝集的人之间才能进行输血、居然大获成。属性住房的楼层

　　血型是指血液成分（（包括红细胞？白细胞。血小板）表面的抗原类型，通常常所说的血型是指红细胞膜上特异性抗原类型！而与临床关系最密切、人们所熟知的是红细胞ABO血型系统及Rh血型系统！ABO血型ABO血型是根据红细胞膜上是否存在抗原A与抗原B而将血液分成4种血型。红细胞上仅有抗原A为A型！只有抗原B为B型！若同时存在A和B抗原则为AB型、5239这两种抗原俱无的为O型,不同血型的人血^清清中含有不同的抗体,但不含有对抗自身红细胞抗原的抗体。如：在A型血血清中只含有抗B抗体。我国各族人民中A型。B型及O型血各占约30%。AB型仅占10%左右，Rh血型人的红细胞上具有与恒河猴同样的抗原称为Rh阳性血型！不含有此种抗原则称为Rh阴性血型，在我国汉族和大部分少数民族的人民中。Rh阳性血型约占99%，Rh阴性的人仅占1%左右。Rh血型系统是红细胞血型中最复杂杂的一种、4307已发现40余种Rh抗原。其中D抗原抗原性最强！因此通常将红细胞上含有D抗原称为为Rh阳性。而红细胞上缺乏D抗原的称为Rh阴性！。骂猪打鸡开过什么生肖

　　Rh阴阴性的O型血？属于熊猫血中的O型。血型仍然是O，但是Rh分型属于阴性的。属于相对稀有血型，但也无所谓，Rh阴性的血型很多！属虎买房朝向血型的英文

　　O型是万能输血者！AB型是万3758能受血者！你只要记住除AB型各血型都能接受外、其它血型的人只能接受跟自己相同的血型和O型。其它血型都不能接受，。易经益卦